Ngo-1939, kwiminyaka emine emva kokwenziwa kwenayiloni nguWallace Carothers, inayiloni yaqatywa kwiikawusi zesilika okokuqala njengesixhobo esitsha, esasifunwa ngamakhwenkwe kunye namabhinqa aselula angenakubalwa aza aduma ehlabathini.
Esi sisiganeko esibalulekileyo xa ishishini lekhemistri yepolymer yanamhlanje yaqala ukuchuma.Ukusuka kwiikawusi zesilika ukuya kwiimpahla, ukuya kwiimfuno zemihla ngemihla, ukupakishwa, izixhobo zasekhaya, iimoto, i-aerospace ... Inayiloni ichaphazele ngokunzulu kwaye yatshintsha ubomi bomntu.
Namhlanje, ihlabathi lijamelene neenguqulelo ezinkulu ezingazange zibonwe kwinkulungwane edluleyo.Ingxabano yaseRashiya-Ukraine, ingxaki yamandla, ukufudumala kwemozulu, ukuchithwa kwendalo ... Kulo mongo, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio ziye zangena kumoya wembali.
* Imathiriyeli esekwe kwibhayoloji ingenise uphuhliso olunempumelelo
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto eziqhelekileyo ezisekelwe kwi-petroleum, izinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio zivela kummoba, ingqolowa, i-straw, iinkozo, njl., ezineenzuzo zezinto ezihlaziywayo kunye nokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.Abanakunceda abantu kuphela ukuba banciphise ukuxhomekeka kwabo kwimithombo yepetroleum, kodwa baphinde badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekudambiseni ingxaki yamandla ehlabathi.
Iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo zithetha ixabiso elibalulekileyo lezoqoqosho.I-OECD iqikelela ukuba ngo-2030, i-25% yeekhemikhali eziphilayo kunye ne-20% yamafutha e-fossil iya kutshintshwa yimichiza esekelwe kwi-bio-based, kwaye ixabiso le-bio-economic ngokusekelwe kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo liya kufikelela kwi-dollar enye yetriliyoni.Iimathiriyeli ezisekwe kwibhayoloji ziye zaba zezona ndlela zishushu kutyalo-mali lwemizi-mveliso yehlabathi kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwetekhnoloji.
E-China, ngokulandela injongo yesicwangciso-qhinga "sekhabhoni ephindwe kabini", "iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seminyaka emithathu sokuKhawulezisa i-Innovation kunye noPhuhliso lwe-Non-grain Bio-based Materials" ekhutshwe ngabaphathiswa abathandathu kunye neekomishini ekuqaleni konyaka iya kukhuthaza ngakumbi. uphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa koshishino lwemathiriyeli esekwe kwibhayoloji.Kunokuqikelelwa ukuba imathiriyeli yasekhaya esekwe kwibhayoloji iya kuzisa uphuhliso olupheleleyo.
• Imathiriyeli yenayiloni esekwe kwibhayoloji iba sisampulu yophuhliso lwezinto ezisekwe kwibhayoloji
Ukuxhamla kwingqalelo yenqanaba leqhinga lesizwe, kunye neenzuzo ezininzi zeendleko zempahla ekrwada, isikali semarike, kunye nenkxaso epheleleyo yenkqubo yoshishino, iChina iqale yaseka ipateni yoshishino lwepolylactic acid kunye nepolyamide, kunye nophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweentlobo ngeentlobo. yezinto ezisekelwe kwibhayoloji.
Ngokutsho kwedatha, ngo-2021, amandla emveliso ye-bio-based yaseTshayina aya kufikelela kwi-11 yezigidi zeetoni (ngaphandle kwe-biofuels), ibalwa malunga ne-31% yehlabathi lonke, kunye nemveliso ye-7 yezigidi zeetoni kunye nexabiso lemveliso elingaphezulu kwe I-150 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.
Phakathi kwabo, ukusebenza kwezinto ze-bio-nylon kubalaseleyo.Ngaphantsi kwemvelaphi yelizwe "ikhabhoni ephindwe kabini", inani lamashishini aphambili asekhaya athathe inkqenkqeza ekuyilweni kwentsimi ye-bio-nylon, kwaye enze impumelelo kuphando lobugcisa kunye nesikali somthamo.
Ngokomzekelo, kwintsimi yokupakisha, ababoneleli basekhaya baye baphuhlisa ifilimu ye-biaxial yokwelula i-polyamide (umxholo we-bio-base 20% ~ 40%), kwaye baphumelele isatifikethi se-TUV seenkwenkwezi enye, ibe yenye yamashishini ambalwa kwihlabathi kunye nale teknoloji. .
Ukongeza, iTshayina yenye yezona zinto ziphambili ngabavelisi beswekile kunye nombona kwihlabathi.Akunzima ukufumanisa ukuba ukusuka ekunikezelweni kwezixhobo zezityalo kwi-bio-based nylon polymerization technology ukuya kwi-bio-based nylon film stretching technology, i-China iye yathula ngokuthula i-bio-based nylon industry chain kunye nokhuphiswano lwehlabathi.
Ezinye iingcali zithi ngokukhutshwa okuqhubekayo komthamo wemveliso ye-nylon esekwe kwi-bio, ukuthandwa kwayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo yinto yexesha kuphela.Kunokugxininiswa ukuba loo mashishini aqala uyilo kunye notyalo-mali lwe-R&D kwishishini lenayiloni esekwe kwi-bio kwangaphambili liya kukhokela kumjikelo omtsha wenguqu kushishino lwehlabathi kunye nokhuphiswano, kunye nezinto ezisekelwe kwi-bio ezimelwe yi-bio-based. imathiriyeli yenayiloni nayo iya kunyuka iye kwinqanaba elitsha, ngokunyuka ngokuthe ngcembe kwiintlobo zemveliso kunye nesikali semizi-mveliso, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe isuke kuphando lwenzululwazi kunye nophuhliso ukuya kwisicelo esipheleleyo somlinganiselo woshishino.